Equipped with lightweight power, self-propelled wheeled road vehicles - automobiles, after more than 100 years of continuous improvement, innovation, cohesion of human wisdom and craftsmanship, and thanks to the petroleum, steel, plastics, machinery and equipment, electric power, electronic technology and other industries, driven by the development of the automotive industry, and constantly updated.
From 1913 Henry Ford invented the automobile production line, to today's automobile automatic production line has been more than a century, the automobile production line from the “manufacturing” gradually upgraded to the “intellectual”, but also witnessed the human industrial history from industry 1.0 to industrialization, the automobile production line has been upgraded to the “intellectual”. The automobile production line has gradually upgraded from “manufacturing” to “smart manufacturing”, and also witnessed the transformation of human industrial history from Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0. Over the past hundred years, how has the automobile production line, the “core” of the automobile industry, evolved?
I. Germination: Ford Motor's Assembly Line Production Of Automobiles
In 1913, Ford Motor Company was the first to establish an assembly line automobile assembly system, and as a result, it triggered a stunning revolution in the world's automobile manufacturing industry, promoting the scaling up of automobile production. Ford's assembly line had one station for each task, which meant that hundreds of cars running through the plant could be produced at the same time.
In Ford's ingenious plant, the Ford T is assembled in 93 minutes from start to finish. In actuality, a complete small car rolled off the line every three minutes. This was the beginning and budding stage of the automobile production line.
II. Innovation: Japan's “just-in-time” JIT Production Method
In 1953, Toyota Japan synthesized the characteristics and advantages of one-piece production (one-piece-flow) and mass production, and created a high quality, low consumption production method under the conditions of multi-species, small-lot mixed production, that is, just-in-time production (Just In Time, abbreviated as JIT).
Just In Time (Just In Time or JIT for short), also known as stockless production (stockless production), just-in-time refers to the necessary parts in the necessary quantity at the necessary time to the production line, and only the required parts, only in the required quantity, only at exactly the time needed to production. Suppliers deliver multiple times a day, and Toyota's seat suppliers deliver directly to the production line in sequence, with the seats arriving at the assembly line just as the vehicle enters that station. So the starting point of just-in-time production is the continuous elimination of waste, the reduction of inventory, and a continuous cycle of improvement.
III. Development: Automated Workshops And Factories
After the 1950s, automated semi and automated assembly lines, which were called rigid automated lines, began to appear. Especially the development of electronic computers and automatic control technology, greatly promoting the automation of the production process. 60's, industrial production began to use electronic computers on large-scale equipment, such as large-scale distillation towers, large steel rolling mills, etc., for the optimal control, the realization of the direct digital control (DDC) and set value control (SPC).
70-90 years, the development of automation instrumentation and hardware, the introduction of microcomputers, so that the production process automation has entered a new high-level stage. Centralized control of the entire plant or the entire process, the application of computer systems for multi-parameter integrated control, or with multiple computers on the production process for hierarchical integrated control and participation in business management, is the main feature of this stage.
Entering the 21st century, “people-oriented”, “energy saving and environmental protection” concept is deeply rooted in people's hearts, factory automation is to the development of integrated factory automation, efficiency is greatly improved.
IV. The Metamorphosis: Industry 4.0 Era Of Intelligent Manufacturing
Today, mankind has ushered in the era of Industry 4.0, and machinery production facilities and manufacturing industries have ushered in “Industry 4.0” led by intelligent manufacturing, which aims to transform the manufacturing industry to intelligentization by means of making full use of the combination of information and communication technologies and cyberspace virtual systems - information-physical systems. It aims to transform the manufacturing industry into an intelligent one by leveraging the combination of information and communication technologies and cyberspace virtual systems - information-physical systems.
Tesla, the world's leading manufacturer of electric cars, uses a large number of monorail cranes in its production lines. In Tesla's factories, monorail cranes are mainly used to transport parts from warehouses to production lines, and to transport finished products from production lines to finished product warehouses. These cranes have high operating speeds and precise positioning capabilities, which can effectively improve productivity and material handling efficiency. In addition, monorail cranes can be automated according to the needs of the production line, improving operational safety and reliability.
The automobile industry as a representative of manufacturing industry with high degree of intelligence, Germany Mercedes-Benz, BMW Group, Volkswagen Group, Bosch has taken the lead to test the waters of industry 4.0. In China, enterprises engaged in automobile manufacturing have also begun to think about the transformation of the era of 4.0, and for example, Dongfeng Nissan factory has become a pioneer of the era of “Industry 4.0”. In 2017, Dongfeng Nissan comprehensively implemented the “i³ plan”, and its “intelligent quality” is through the intelligent upgrading of manufacturing technology, factory automation transformation, the construction of advanced engineering technology centers, digital development platform, intelligent precision manufacturing and information quality management, with “digital development platform”, “intelligent quality management”, and “intelligent quality management”, with “digital development platform” and “intelligent quality management”. The “i³ Program” is to create quality through the intelligent upgrading of manufacturing technology, automation transformation of factories, construction of advanced engineering technology centers, digital development platforms, intelligent precision manufacturing and information quality management.
From Smart Manufacturing To Smart Driving - The Full-Link Evolution Of Intelligent Technology
From the 1913 automobile artificial assembly line, to today's automobile factory intelligent manufacturing, a hundred years, under the rapid development of science and technology, industrial production has become more and more intelligent, and has successfully triggered an industrial revolution and industrial upgrading in the world. At present, intelligent equipment has penetrated into the field of automobile manufacturing, in the new energy vehicle factory, assembly workshop application of intelligent transportation equipment, has been able to replace the manual handling, automated logistics, the number of AGV Transfer Carts Transfer Carts in the automobile assembly workshop has been ranked first, accounting for 80%.
When intelligent technology completely reshapes the production method of automobiles - from unmanned handling in the welding workshop to millimeter-level precision assembly of battery modules - this extreme pursuit of efficiency and precision is ultimately extended to a more complex level in the cars on the road. AGVs on the production line realize autonomous obstacle avoidance, while the mass-produced car is given a more difficult mission: to realize fully autonomous perception, decision-making, and action on the open road.
In intelligent driving technology, the most important things are sensors and software. Sensors help cars perceive their surroundings, while software helps them make appropriate decisions and control behaviors such as direction, speed, acceleration and deceleration. The continuous development of these technologies makes smart driving cars more and more intelligent and safe.
At present, major Internet giants have applied smart technologies to the automotive industry, and the cooperation between many automakers and technology companies has become increasingly close. Judging from the current market situation, the smart driving industry has ushered in a period of opportunity for development. According to market research organizations, by 2021, global sales of self-driving cars will reach more than 1 million units, with a market size of more than $50 billion. Currently, the most popular self-driving cars in the market are Tesla's Model S, Model X, and Model 3, with sales already exceeding 270,000 units. However, the smart driving industry still faces huge challenges. First, smart driving technology is very costly and requires huge investments to complete testing and rollout. Second, the safety and reliability of smart driving cars still need to be further improved. Further, smart driving cars also face challenges in terms of legal and operational regulations.
All in all, the smart driving industry is a very promising field. Although it is still facing some challenges and risks, the development trend of intelligent driving technology is still very obvious, and huge changes are bound to happen in the future. We look forward to the future development of intelligent driving technology, and also look forward to this technology to bring people a safer and more convenient traveling experience.
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